Nitric acid is a highly corrosive mineral acid known for its strong oxidizing power. It is a clear liquid that often turns yellow over time due to the release of nitrogen dioxide. Industrially, nitric acid is primarily used in the production of fertilizers such as ammonium nitrate, which is a critical nitrogen source for crops. It also plays a vital role in the manufacture of explosives, plastics, and dyes. Due to its ability to donate nitrate groups, it is widely used in nitration reactions in organic chemistry. In laboratories, nitric acid is used for etching metals, cleaning glassware, and in qualitative analysis. However, it is extremely hazardous, capable of causing severe burns and releasing toxic fumes. When combined with strong acids or organic compounds, it can form explosive mixtures. Safe storage requires tightly sealed, corrosion-resistant containers kept away from sunlight. Despite its risks, nitric acid remains one of the most important industrial chemicals, central to agriculture, defense, and chemical research.