DDT, or Dichloro-Diphenyl-Trichloroethane, is one of the most well-known synthetic pesticides in history, recognized for its broad-spectrum effectiveness against insects. Introduced in the mid-20th century, DDT played a crucial role in reducing insect-borne diseases such as malaria and typhus, saving millions of lives worldwide. It is a white crystalline powder, highly stable, and insoluble in water, giving it long-lasting residual effects. DDT disrupts the nervous systems of insects, leading to rapid elimination of pests across agriculture and public health. However, its very stability became its greatest drawback. Classified as a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP), DDT remains in the soil and water for years, leading to bioaccumulation in animal and human tissues. Studies revealed that DDT weakened eggshells in birds, reduced biodiversity, and posed potential risks as a carcinogen and endocrine disruptor in humans. Consequently, most countries banned or strictly regulated its use from the 1970s onwards. Despite restrictions, some nations still use it in limited malaria control programs under WHO guidance. DDT’s legacy reflects both the immense benefits and serious environmental consequences of chemical pesticides. Today, it stands as a symbol of why sustainable and safer alternatives are essential in pest management practices.