Reactive dyes are a class of water-soluble synthetic dyes widely used in the textile industry, particularly for coloring natural fibers such as cotton, silk, wool, and rayon. Unlike other dye types, reactive dyes form a covalent bond with the fiber molecules, making the coloration permanent, durable, and resistant to washing and light exposure. This strong bonding ensures excellent wash-fastness and long-lasting brightness, which is why they are the most preferred dyes for cotton garments worldwide. The dyeing process typically requires alkaline conditions, often with the addition of salt and soda ash, to ensure proper fixation to the fibers. Reactive dyes are available in a wide range of vibrant shades and are commonly used in mass textile production, tie-dyeing, batik work, and screen printing.One of their major advantages is their ability to produce even and bright shades that withstand repeated washing without fading. However, reactive dye effluents can contribute to water pollution, making wastewater treatment a necessity for industries. Recent innovations include low-salt and eco-friendly reactive dyes that reduce environmental impact. Cost-effective, versatile, and easy to apply, reactive dyes remain one of the most widely used dyes globally, meeting both industrial and consumer demands for high-quality, long-lasting textile coloration.