Ibuprofen is a widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that offers effective relief from pain, inflammation, and fever. Chemically classified as (RS)-2-(4-(2-methylpropyl)phenyl)propanoic acid, it works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, thereby reducing prostaglandin synthesis responsible for pain and inflammation. Its versatility makes it suitable for treating a wide range of conditions, including headaches, toothaches, arthritis, muscle pain, and menstrual discomfort. Ibuprofen is available in multiple forms such as tablets, capsules, oral suspensions, topical gels, and even injections for medical settings. It is rapidly absorbed, reaching peak plasma levels within 1–2 hours, which ensures quick relief. While generally safe for short-term use, prolonged or high-dose consumption can lead to gastrointestinal irritation, ulcers, or kidney issues, necessitating caution in patients with pre-existing conditions. Despite these limitations, ibuprofen remains one of the most trusted and prescribed NSAIDs globally due to its efficacy, affordability, and widespread availability. Ongoing innovations have introduced extended-release versions and pediatric formulations, further increasing its accessibility. Its high demand across both clinical and over-the-counter markets underscores its importance as an essential medicine in modern healthcare.