Cationic polymers are widely used flocculants in water and wastewater treatment processes, designed to neutralize negatively charged suspended particles and promote their aggregation into larger flocs that can be easily separated from water. These polymers, available in liquid, emulsion, or powder form, have high molecular weights and strong cationic charges, making them highly efficient in clarifying water, reducing turbidity, and dewatering sludge. Their effectiveness spans across various industries including municipal water treatment, mining, textiles, paper manufacturing, and chemical processing, where they assist in separating solids from liquids. By binding with negatively charged colloids, cationic polymers accelerate sedimentation and filtration processes, thus improving operational efficiency and lowering treatment costs. Their solubility in water ensures fast preparation and dosing, while their wide pH applicability (4–9) allows them to be versatile across different water conditions. Typically low in toxicity, cationic polymers are safer alternatives to inorganic flocculants, though they must be managed properly to prevent environmental accumulation. Depending on the formulation, some grades may be biodegradable, enhancing their environmental acceptance. With rising global water scarcity and stricter discharge regulations, cationic polymer flocculants continue to play a vital role in ensuring clean, safe, and recyclable water for both industrial and municipal applications.