The Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) is a modern safety feature designed to prevent wheel lock-up during emergency braking situations. Traditional brakes can cause wheels to skid if too much pressure is applied suddenly, leading to loss of steering control. ABS eliminates this problem by automatically modulating brake pressure. The system consists of wheel speed sensors, an ABS control module, and hydraulic valves. During sudden braking, the sensors detect if a wheel is about to lock up and signal the ABS control unit, which rapidly releases and reapplies brake pressure in pulses, up to 15 times per second. This prevents the wheels from skidding while allowing the driver to maintain steering control. ABS is especially useful on slippery surfaces such as wet roads, ice, or gravel, significantly reducing stopping distances in many conditions. Modern vehicles may have 2-channel, 3-channel, or 4-channel ABS systems, depending on how many wheels are independently controlled. A functioning ABS provides safer, more stable braking, while a malfunction triggers a dashboard warning light. It is now a standard feature in most cars, SUVs, motorcycles, trucks, and buses, making it one of the most important safety technologies in road transportation.